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Under the 'dual carbon' goals, the replacement of conventional power generation units with new energy sources will bring three major challenges to the new power system. Guo Jianbo, honorary president of the China Electric Power Research Institute and academician of the Chinese Academy of Engineering, believes that the new power system must strengthen technological innovation and promotion.

Guo Jianbo made the above remarks at the first "Jixia Electrical Forum." On August 5, the first "Jixia Electrical Forum," jointly hosted by the Power System Professional Committee of the China Electrotechnical Society and Shandong University, attracted the participation of five academicians from the "two academies." Under the theme of "Electricity Connects Everything, Carbon Seeks the Future," many experts in the domestic energy field conducted discussions on China's energy development and the construction of a new power system.

The New Power System Faces a "Triangle" of Challenges

It is understood that the construction of a new power system is an evolutionary process. From the proposal of the concept, the beginning of construction to the full completion, achieving the goals of carbon peaking and carbon neutrality, different stages have their own main contradictions and key elements. However, the main long-term contradiction is how to solve the "contradictory triangle" of economy-safety-environment.

Guo Jianbo believes that the new power system is a complex giant system of information and physics in society, with multiple industries and multiple energy couplings and collaborations, taking the power system as the hub platform. It is also a system with a new definition and new concepts built on the basis of the existing power system, combining new and old technologies, with new policies and regulations, new systems and mechanisms, new standards and specifications, and a new industrial foundation.

Under the "dual carbon" goals, China's green power generation, such as wind power and photovoltaic power generation, has developed rapidly. According to the calculation of Zhou Xiaoxin, an academician of the Chinese Academy of Sciences: In the carbon-neutral stage, China will achieve a high proportion of non-fossil energy replacing fossil energy power; among them, green hydrogen power generation may cooperate with wind and solar green energy to replace fossil energy power generation in providing long-term energy storage and flexible regulation; it can be expected that "green electricity replacement" and "green hydrogen replacement" of traditional fossil energy will serve as key measures to achieve the carbon neutrality goal of the new energy system and will play a decisive role in the future construction of the new energy power system.

Guo Jianbo believes that the replacement of conventional power generation units with new energy sources will bring three major challenges to the new power system—new energy resources are random, volatile, low-density, and dispersed, making their power generation output extremely unbalanced in time and space and "high installed capacity, low power generation," bringing challenges to sufficiency; new energy generation equipment has low anti-interference and weak support, and the contradiction between rapid controllability and capacity limitation is prominent; the contradiction between the high contribution of new energy to energy transformation and the environment and the low contribution to sufficiency and safety requires coordination of multiple stakeholders (multiple industries, multiple systems, multiple energies, multiple power sources) to balance the rights, responsibilities, and interests of safety-economy-environment relations, bringing challenges to the system and mechanism. He pointed out that safety, economy, and environment are all policy and technology-related indicators, and require the synergistic promotion of technology and policy.

Facing the Challenges, Government, Industry, Academia, and Research All Have Responsibilities

The weather in Jinan in August was hot, but the speeches of the academicians pointed to several keywords—facing the challenges, responding calmly. As Li Shucai, an academician of the Chinese Academy of Engineering and president of Shandong University, said: The first "Jixia Electrical Forum" is to meet the requirements of the times, strengthen responsibility, and use the power of education to support the in-depth exploration and vivid practice of Chinese-style modernization.

With the rapid development of China's power system, the installed capacity is continuously increasing, the grid structure is becoming more closely connected, and the problem of exceeding short-circuit current is becoming increasingly prominent, affecting the safe operation of the system and equipment. Chen Weijiang, an academician of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, introduced the basic principles, key technologies, and demonstration project application of the short-circuit current flexible suppression method based on power grid topology transient reconstruction, providing new ideas and methods for solving the above problems.

Under the new situation, the distribution system is a supporting platform for renewable energy consumption, a data platform for the integration of diverse and massive information, a trading platform for the participation of multiple stakeholders, and a supporting and service platform for the development of electrified transportation. Its development faces multiple technical challenges in terms of flexibility, resilience, reliability, and controllability in both time and space dimensions.

Wang Chengshan, an academician of the Chinese Academy of Engineering, believes that in response to the above challenges, the new distribution system will develop and present important characteristics such as low-carbonization, distribution, decentralization, and digitalization.

Therefore, it is very necessary to carry out academic discussions with a hundred schools of thought contending and a hundred flowers blooming. Wang Gang, secretary-general of the China Electrotechnical Society, believes that promoting the green and low-carbon transformation of energy is the common responsibility of the government, enterprises, academic associations, and research institutions, and requires the joint efforts and in-depth cooperation of all parties, while accelerating technological and institutional and mechanism innovation, conducting extensive technical exchanges and experience sharing.