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With the gradual prosperity of the social economy, power systems have been widely used and expanded in today's society. However, during the operation of the power system, the occurrence of faults is almost inevitable, such as circuit faults, power imbalance, poor contact, etc. These faults pose a huge threat to the safety and stability of power equipment and the power grid. Therefore, regarding the safety and reliability of the power system, the importance of exploring automation and relay protection technology is becoming increasingly prominent. With the continuous advancement of science and technology, power system automation technology has been gradually improved and widely used in power systems. The automation system can monitor various parameters and signals in the power system in real time, cope with various abnormal situations, remain vigilant at all times, and allow faults and accidents to be quickly resolved and isolated. It is necessary to pay attention to and improve the safety and reliability of the power system. In this context, exploring the relationship between power system automation and relay protection, the safe and stable operation of the power system, energy security, and sustainable development are self-evident in importance to today's society.

I. Automation and Power System Operation

The automation system relies on various sensors and measuring instruments for precise control, real-time monitoring of key indicators of the power system, such as voltage, current, power, and frequency, and transmits this data to the monitoring platform for data acquisition, storage, preliminary processing, and warning. The automation system can accurately grasp the operation of the power system, pay attention to various abnormal phenomena in the power system, issue early warnings and take measures to prevent accidents, and ensure the safe and efficient operation of the power system. The automation system can operate according to pre-set strategies and algorithms to control and optimize the power system. The automation system can adjust the power generation of generators according to the current power load to maintain the stability of the power system. Various equipment in the power system, such as power plants, equipment, and transmission networks, can be precisely managed with the help of the automation system, and timely adjustments and optimizations can be made to various aspects of the power system to achieve the best operating efficiency. In addition, the automation system can use advanced optimization strategies to analyze the operating status of the power system, explore the development trends in the power field, and even predict future electricity demand, further planning the most efficient dispatching and operation strategies. In special circumstances, user needs and weather changes become influencing factors, and the power system exhibits dynamic changes during operation. Therefore, the automation system must be continuously improved to keep the power system in optimal operating condition. Using this method, the operating efficiency of the power system can be optimized, thereby striving to improve power supply quality and ensure its stability and reliability [1].

II. Automation and Equipment Protection

The automation system plays a key role in ensuring equipment safety. This equipment has multiple protective functions, such as ground protection, overcurrent protection, and differential current protection, to provide protection for equipment in the power system. The automation system relies on sensors and monitoring equipment to operate and monitor various equipment in the power system in real time. The monitoring of oil pressure changes inside the transformer is achieved by using pressure sensors, and the application of temperature sensors is to detect the rise and fall of equipment temperature. With the automated monitoring of equipment status, the system can predict potential hidden dangers in advance. The automation system uses sensors and measuring equipment to monitor the changes in signals and parameters in the power system in real time. Changes in data related to current, voltage, and frequency are early warning signals of equipment problems, and the automation system can monitor abnormal changes in equipment operation data at any time and ensure that the system compares the collected data with preset thresholds to find potential problems. When the automation system detects abnormal changes in signals and parameters, it will perform fault analysis. Therefore, the automation system has the function of accurately identifying equipment faults and fault types. In power transformers, the protection system can determine whether there is a phase short-circuit fault. When the automation system identifies a problem with the equipment, it will issue instructions to activate the protection device. In case of overcurrent, the protection device will immediately cut off the power supply, isolate the fault, and ensure that other equipment remains undamaged. The automation system can quickly and accurately activate the protection equipment to prevent the fault from affecting normal operation and avoid more serious damage. The automation system has the ability to record and store fault events and equipment operation data, and conducts in-depth research and analysis of this data to optimize equipment performance and improve system stability [2]. Based on data recording and analysis, relevant personnel can evaluate the operating status of the equipment and perform preventive maintenance to reduce the probability of equipment damage. The automation system has the ability to efficiently monitor equipment status, capture abnormal signals and parameter changes, identify fault conditions, and activate protection devices in terms of equipment protection. With the use of the automation system, equipment performance is optimized, stability and work efficiency are improved, the probability of faults is reduced, and the stable operation of the power system is ensured.

III. Relay Protection and Power System Safety

The normal operation of the power system depends on relay protection, a key link that can identify and eliminate abnormal circuits, ensuring the safety of equipment and the system. The relay protection system monitors changes in elements such as current, voltage, and frequency in the power system and continuously monitors the operating status of the power system to ensure its normal operation. When an abnormality is detected in the power system, the relay protection system immediately responds, and the safety of the power system relies on the coordinated operation of various protection devices and relays. Protection devices include circuit breakers, contactors, and isolators, and relays are devices responsible for electrical signal conversion and control actions. The relay protection system takes corresponding measures based on the nature of various faults and protection targets, and uses appropriate protection devices and relays. When a fault occurs in the power system, the relay protection system will start, and the faulty circuit will be immediately cut off, and the related equipment will be isolated. It is crucial to take timely measures to prevent the fault from expanding and causing further damage to the system. The automation system will quickly eliminate the faulty circuit, helping to ensure the safe and stable operation of equipment and the system, maintaining the stability of power supply to ensure worry-free system operation. After eliminating the faulty circuit, the relay protection system can operate normally, analyze the changes in fault current and voltage, and accurately locate the problem [3]. Accurate identification of the fault area helps maintenance personnel quickly locate the problem, reducing fault handling time to ensure that the power system power supply is quickly restored to normal. The relay protection system has the function of recording and storing fault events and related data, including fault type, occurrence time, and circuit cut-off time. These fault records will become important basis for fault diagnosis and subsequent analysis, assisting power system maintenance personnel in in-depth analysis of the causes of faults. The system also implements corresponding corrective measures for faults and safety issues in the power system, and evaluates and optimizes them. Using the relay protection system, the power system has the ability to quickly and accurately identify and isolate faulty circuits, ensuring the safety of equipment and the system.

The power system, as an indispensable pillar of modern life, maintains the normal operation of society. Automation technology and relay protection measures in the power system, like steadfast guardians, ensure safe and stable operation, protecting the safety of equipment and the system; their importance is self-evident. Automated power system equipment can monitor signals and equipment status in real-time, improving the accuracy of fault identification and the efficiency of fault handling, thus ensuring the safe and stable operation of the power system. Relay protection in the power system plays a crucial role in safety, quickly eliminating faulty circuits, accurately locating fault areas, and ensuring the stable operation of equipment and the system. There is a close interactive relationship between the automation system and relay protection; their collaborative development is highly effective, and their integration helps significantly enhance the safety and stability of the power system. Power system automation and relay protection technologies are undergoing continuous evolution and innovation, yet technical challenges and practical application limitations remain. Therefore, future research needs to more deeply analyze the theoretical foundations and practical applications of power system automation and relay protection technologies to meet the urgent needs of the power system for safety and stability.